Increased complement activation is a distinctive feature of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it remains to be determined whether increased complement activation is a broad indicator of critical illness (and thus, no different in COVID-19). It is also unclear which pathways are contributing to complement activation in COVID-19, and, if complement activation is associated with certain features of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as endothelial injury and hypercoagulability. To address these questions, we investigated complement activation in the plasma from patients with COVID-19 prospectively enrolled at two tertiary care centers. We compared our patients to two non-COVID cohorts: (a) patients hospitalized with influenza, and (b) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We demonstrate that circulating markers of complement activation (i.e., sC5b-9) are elevated in patients with COVID-19 compared to those with influenza and to patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory failure. Further, the results facilitate distinguishing those who are at higher risk of worse outcomes such as requiring ICU admission, or IMV. Moreover, the results indicate enhanced activation of the alternative complement pathway is most prevalent in patients with severe COVID-19 and is associated with markers of endothelial injury (i.e., Ang2) as well as hypercoagulability (i.e., thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor). Our findings identify complement activation to be a distinctive feature of COVID-19, and provide specific targets that may be utilized for risk prognostication, drug discovery and personalized clinical trials. SUMMMARYComplement has been implicated in COVID-19. However, whether this is distinctive of COVID-19 remains unanswered. Ma et al report increased complement activation in COVID-19 compared to influenza and non-COVID respiratory failure, and demonstrate alternative pathway activation as a key marker of multiorgan failure and death.

Construction and application of a case-based learning database of pathology for students in imaging specialty / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To establish a case-based learning (CBL) database of Pathology for medical students in imaging specialty, which includes chief complaints and history of present illness, case characteristics, imaging findings, questions, surgical findings and discussion. Cases in the CBL database was obtained from newly resected specimen, which were combined with various imaging test results of patients before surgery. All the information of each case, including postoperative pathological diagnosis report, was collected to perfect the database. The database was used in the CBL teaching of pathology, which has stimulated students' learning initiative and enthusiasm, cultivated their logic thinking of imaging diagnosis and improved the teaching effect.

Value of transoral ultrasound guided biopsy for oral tumors / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To determine the value of transoral ultrasound (US) guided biopsy for oral tumors.@*Methods@#A consecutive series of 36 patients who underwent transoral US-guided biopsy of oral tumors were evaluated retrospectively. By testing against histopathological results after surgery, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of transoral US-guided biopsy for oral tumors were calculated. ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve were evaluated.@*Results@#All 36 lesions were successfully performed transoral US-guided biopsy. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of this technique for the diagnosis of oral lesions were 87.0%, 100%, 100%, 81.3% and 91.7% respectively. In ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.935. No serious complications were observed.@*Conclusions@#Transoral US-guided biopsy can be considered as a safe and effective technology for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of oral tumors.

Value of enhanced recovery after surgery in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures during perioperative period / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To explore the application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures during perioperative period.Methods Seventy-two elderly patients with unilateral fresh femoral intertrochanteric fractures admitted from July 2016 to August 2017 were selected.The patients were divided into ERAS group and regular group according to the treatment approach.In the ERAS group (n =35),there were 15 males and 20 females,aged 65-92 years (mean,78.6 years),with 19 patients on the left side and 16 on the right side.The injury causes included sprain in 25 patients and fall from height in 10.According to Evans classification,there were 4 patients with type 1,10 with type 2,12 with type 3 and 9 with type 4 in the ERAS group.Seventeen patients in the ERAS group (49％) had internal chronic diseases.In the regular group (n =37),there were 18 males and 19 females,aged 65-96 years (mean,77.6 years),with 21 patients on the left side and 16 on the right side.The injury causes included sprain in 26 patients and fall from height in 11.According to Evans classification,there were 4 patients with type 1,11 with type 2,13 with type 3,and 9 with type 4.Eighteen patients (49％) in the regular group had internal chronic diseases.The regular group adopted the conventional approach,while the ERAS group additionally adopted the concept of ERAS.The intraoperative blood loss,average blood transfusion volume,operation time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complication incidence,and postoperative hip function Harris score of the two groups were recorded.Results All patients were followed up for an average of 14.8 months (range,12-18 months).The patients acquired primary healing.The operation time was (40.4 ± 10.7)minutes,intraoperative blood loss (202.1 ± 57.0) ml,blood transfusion volume (0.82 ± 0.20) U and postoperative hospitalization time (6.1 ±0.8)days in ERAS group,which showed significant difference in comparison withregular group,with operation time,intraoperative blood loss,blood transfusion volume and postoperative hospitalization time for (50.5 ± 12.4) minutes,(260.3 ± 75.2) ml,(1.23 ± 0.34) U and (12.6 ±0.4)days respectively (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The incidence of complications was 32％ (12/37) in the regular group,and was 9％ (3/35) in ERAS group (P ＜ 0.05).Harris score of hip joint function was (95.3 ±0.9) points in ERAS group and (86.9 ± 0.7) points in regular group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions For elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures during the perioperative period,application of ERAS can obviously reduce intraoperative blood loss and average blood transfusion,shorten the operation time and postoperative hospital stay,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,and promote the rehabilitation of the hip function of the patients.

Panduratin A Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Inducing G0/G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

Because of the unsatisfactory treatment options for breast cancer (BC), there is a need to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this malignancy. One such strategy is chemotherapy using non-toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Studies have shown that Panduratin A (PA) possesses many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, we provide evidence that PA treatment of MCF-7 BC cells resulted in a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth with an IC50 of 15 µM and no to little effect on normal human MCF-10A breast cells. To define the mechanism of these anti-proliferative effects of PA, we determined its effect critical molecular events known to regulate the cell cycle and apoptotic machinery. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V-FITC staining provided evidence for the induction of apoptosis. PA treatment of BC cells resulted in increased activity/expression of mitochondrial cytochrome C, caspases 7, 8 and 9 with a significant increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, suggesting the involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed that PA treatment of cells resulted in G0/G1 arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis data revealed that, in MCF-7 cell lines, PA treatment resulted in the dose-dependent (i) induction of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, (ii) downregulation of Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and (iii) decrease in cyclin D1. These findings suggest that PA may be an effective therapeutic agent against BC.

Treatment of calcaneal fractures with plate via minimally invasive approach / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of sinus tarsi approach and eight-shape approach in the treatment of calcaneal fractures.Methods Analyzed the outcomes of 23 patients(21 males and 2 females)with calcaneal fractures(25 feet)treated with plate via sinus tarsi approach and eight-shape approach.The mean age of patients was 38 years old(ranged from 24 to 55 years).According to Sanders classification:16 feet in type Ⅱ,9 feet in type Ⅲ.Results The average operation time was 85 min(ranged from 70 min to 100 min),and no wound compli-cations occurred.X-ray review showed that bony healing,and healing time was 3-6 months.The average duration of follow-up was 13 months(ranged from 12 to 18 months).The result was excellent in sixthteen cases,good in six cases and fair in one case according to Maryland score.The satisfactory rate was 95 .6%.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via the sinus tarsi approach and eight -shape approach provides not only reliable fixation,but also less complications.

Effect of advanced glycation end products on apoptosis of C57 mouse spiral ganglion cells and mRNA expression of advanced glycation end products receptor / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of advanced glycation end products(AGEs) on apoptosis of cultured mouse spiral ganglion cells(SGCs) and expression of receptor of AGEs(RAGE). To explore the pathway of AGEs in promoting apoptosis of SGCs. And to explore the possible mechanism of neural presbycusis. METHODS The effect of AGEs on apoptosis of SGCs was studied by Tunel technique and fluorescence microscope. The expression of RAGE mRNA was assayed by Real time RT-PCR. RESULTS AGEs induced apoptosis of cultured SGCs. The effects were dose-dependent and time-dependent. Meanwhile RAGE mRNA expression was enhanced in apoptosis cells. CONCLUSION AGEs induced apoptosis in SGCs,which may be mediated by RAGE. And this may be one of the mechanisms of neural presbycusis.

Detection of blood flow in the brachial artery and dialysis flow after standard internal fistula operation by ultrasound:an association study / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the value of detection of blood flow in the brachial artery after forearm standard internal fistula (wrist radial artery-cephalic vein)operation by color Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of internal fistula function.Methods The data of the blood flow in the brachial artery after forearm standard internal fistula operation detected by color Doppler ultrasound in 103 patients were retrospectively studied.In detecting the blood flow in the brachial artery,350 ml/min and 500 ml/min were used as demarcation points and the patients were divided into dysfunction,uncertainty and good function group.In internal fistula dysfunction,dialysis flow <200 ml/min was taken as the golden criterion.ROC curve was constructed and analyzed.Results In using Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood flow in the brachial artery and to diagnose the standard internal fistula dysfunction,the area under ROC curve was 0.949 (P <0.001)and 95% of confidence interval was (0.909,0.989).The best diagnostic demarcation point was 470 ml/min.In using the blood flow 350 ml/min and 500 ml/min in the brachial artery as demarcation points and dividing the patients into dysfunction,uncertainty and good function group,the area under the ROC curve was 0.916 (P <0.001 )and 95% of confidence interval was (0.857,0.975 ).Conclusions The accuracy of using Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood flow in the brachial artery and to diagnose the standard internal fistula dysfunction is higher.Using 350 ml/min and 500 ml/min as demarcation points,the grouping method is of higher clinical applied value.

Lung-protective effect of perioperative treatment with Ambroxol in the elderly lung cancer patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of perioperative administration of Ambroxol on pulmonary function, postoperative complications, postoperative hospital-stay and cost in elderly lung cancer patients after thoracic lobectomy surgery.Methods One hundred and forty consecutive elderly patients who underwent thoracic lobectomy surgery for lung cancer were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control group (n=70) and Ambroxol group (n=70).In control group, subjects were given the standardized treatment.In the Ambroxol group, patients were given the standardized treatment plus Ambroxol (90 mg/q, 8 h/d) from the day of operation to postoperative 5 days.The preoperative general information, intraoperative conditions, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, incidence of perioperative morbidity, duration of ICU stay, length and costs of postoperative hospital-stay were collected and compared between the 2 groups.Results The 2 groups were well matched for demographics and operative variables.The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1),the forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and arterial oxygen pressure were reduced in the 2 groups after operation as compared with before treatment, while the decreases of the above indexes were more significant in the control group than in the Ambroxol group (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group, the postoperative pulmonary complications declined, oxygenation index improved, the postoperative ICU occupancy rate and the length and costs of postoperative hospital-stay were decreased in the ambroxol group (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Perioperative administration of Ambroxol could reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications, improve the lung function, decrease the total hospitalization cost, shorten the length of hospital-stay, promote a rapid recovery after surgery, which is worthy of clinical application.

Establishing a hemodialysis vascular access with autologous vein transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Currently, literatures about autologous vein transplantation are few, and the research on the effect of different parts of autologous vein transplantation are not found yet. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the experiences of establishing the fistula using autologous vein transplantation so as to investigate the method of improving the success rate of surgery. METHODS:We analyzed retrospectively the data of 40 cases of establishing the fistula using autologous vein transplantation, and then compared the successful rate of autologous vein transplantation fistula, blood flow and operating time, thereby analyzing the influence of diabetes melitus on the successful rate of autologous vein transplantation fistula. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The successful rates of autologous vein transplantation fistula at different parts ranging from high to low were as folows: the cephalic vein, great saphenous vein, basilic vein and smal saphenous vein. Blood flow of the upper limb for vein transplantation fistula was obviously higher than that of the lower limb (P < 0.05). The operating time of autologous vein transplantation fistula was longer in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs (P < 0.01). For patients with diabetes melitus, the successful rate of autologous vein transplantation was markedly lower than those with no diabetes melitus (P < 0.01). For the hemodialysis patients with poor upper limb superficial vein, autologous vein transplantation is a better way of establishing the vascular access. Vein transplantation of the upper limbs is better than that of the lower limbs in success rate and operating time. Autologous vein transplantation fistula is not suitable for the patients with diabetes melitus.

Ultrasonic contrast imaging of devitalized tissue area of bullet wounds to pig extremities:an experimental study / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the value of the determination of the devitalized tissue area of bullet wounds in the pig extremities by contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods A model of bullet wounds to the pig limb soft tissue was constructed with a model 53 smoothbore.The sonographic features of the soft tissue of and around the primary traumatic channel of the pig extremities were observed by routine ultrasound and CEUS and compared with the pathological findings.Results The primary traumatic channel of bullet wounds to the pig extremities produced clearer tubular echoes under routine ultrasonic imaging.The echoes from inside the traumatic channel changed with time.Part of tissue close to the periphery of the traumatic channel presented with a filling defect area except the primary traumatic channel after ultrasonic contrast of the traumatogenic area.The pathological examination revealed devitalized necrotic tissues in the filling defect area while the heterogeneous low potentiation of the tissue around and the most peripheral circular high potentiation of the traumatic channel indicated a degenerative tissue change and a small angiectatic change after CEUS.Conclusions Routine ultrasound may determine the run of the primary traumatic channel in the traumatogenic area of bullet wounds to the pig extremities while CEUS may accurately distinguish the devitalized tissue in the traumtogenic area.The combination of both is bound to raise greatly the level of the treatment and cure of bullet wounds.

Initial observation of blast injury of liver by real-time shear wave elastography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the application value of real-time shear wave elastography(SWE) in the liver injury caused by the blast injury.Methods The abdominal mild,moderate and severe blast injury animal models were built,liver and abdominal cavity conventional ultrasound scan and liver SWE measurement were processed before and immediately post-blast,and then the two groups' liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the liver pathology results were compaired.Results The conventional ultrasound scan,immediately after the injury,had found no abnormities of the hepatic tissue in the mild blast injury group,while varying degrees of liver capsular rupture,part of the liver parenchyma regional uneven echo,subcapsular hematoma,obvious liver parenchyma interruption,effusion between the disruption of liver parenchyma and abdominal cavity effusion etc.a series of liver injury had been found in the moderate and severe groups,and the severe blast injury group was more obvious.Three groups' immediately liver elasticity and ALT of post-blast liver injury were increased compared with the pre-blast,the liver elasticity and ALT of each group pre-and post-blast comparing had statistically signifcant (P ＜0.05),and the three groups post-blast immediately liver elasticity and ALT and any two groups' comparing also had statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions After the blast injury,the changes of liver elasticity were associated with the liver injury degree,the higher elasticity values suggest the heavier damage.Based on conventional ultrasonography,SWE could provide a new evaluation method for the judgement of liver balst injury,especially in the diagnosis of mild liver blast injury.

Application of emergency bedside focused assessment with sonography for trauma together with regional organ focused ultrasonography in closed abdominal trauma / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the value of emergency bedside focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) in combination with regional organ focused ultrasonography in patients with closed abdominal trauma.Methods Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with closed abdominal trauma underwent bedside ultrasonography in the Emergency Department at General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command.In patients with unstable hemodynamics or severe craniocerebral injury,ultrasonography was ended immediately after FAST screening.In patients with stable vital signs,the focused regional organ injury after FAST screening was determined based on the mechanism of trauma,action location and direction of external force,abdominal symptoms,and signs.The results of operation and CT scanning were considered as golden criteria and used to compare with those of ultrasonography.Results (1) The diagnostic sensitivity of FAST to abdominal organ rupture and ascites due to abdominal organ rupture calling for emergency operation was 79.3％ and 100％,respectively.The total specificity of FAST was 98.2％,positive predictive value 93.9％,and negative predictive value 86.7％.(2) The diagnostic accordance rate of single visceral injury examined by regional organ focused ultrasonography was 91.2％ and that of multiple visceral injury was 63.6％.The missed diagnoses were predominantly contusion and microlaceration.Conclusions FAST can quickly screen out the patients with unstable hemodynamics due to abdominal organ rupture calling for emergency management.Regional organ focused ultrasonography can increase the rate of correct diagnosis of visceral injury and decrease the rate of missed diagnosis.

Study on elasticity of ipsilateral external iliac artery with echo-tracking after gunshot wound in pig limbs / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the value of echo-tracking technique in the detecting the ipsilateral external iliac artery elasticity after gunshot wound in pig limbs.Methods Two-dimensional ultrasound imagings and elasticity parameters of external iliac artery of fifteen pig limbs were obtained respectively,and the results were compared with pre-injury groups.The animals were sacrificed after ultrasonography.Pathological examinations of adjacent external iliac artery of injured pig limbs were analyzed.Results Two-dimensional ultrasound imagings of external iliac arteries had no significant changes post-injury.The changes of elasticity parameters were significiant differences in the injured group comparing with the pre-injured group (P ＜0.05),including the increased stiffness parameter(β),pressure-strain elasticity modulus (Ep)and the decreased arterial compliance(AC).Pathological result showed that the internal elastic lamina of artery detected were flat,endothelial cells came off discontinuously and structure of them were undefined.Conclusions Echo-tracking technique can find the elastic changes of adjacent artery indirect injured by gunshot wound sensitively and which can suggest the occurrence of vascular indirect injury.

Ultrasound imaging of intracranial foreign bodies study on firearm injury / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the specific ultrasonic manifestation features of intracranial foreign bodies after firearm injury,and to evaluate the value of ultrasonography in detecting intracranial foreign bodies.Methods ① The specific ultrasonic manifestation features of intracranial foreign bodies were summarized by making ultrasonic scanning over known foreign bodies of different types inserted before hand in around the injury tracts.②With the summary,ultrasonic scanning was made to the foreign bodies with unknown size and types,the result was confirmed with the fetched-out foreign bodies,and the coincidence of ultrasonography in scanning the intracranial foreign bodies after firearm injury was evaluated.Results Ultrasonography could distinguish intracranial foreign bodies from brain parenchyma,intraeranial foreign bodies of different types had different ultrasonic manifestation features.The size and the materials of the foreign bodies had certain affection on the result of ultrasonic scanning.The accuracy of qualitative judgement in scanning the intracranial foreign bodies was 71.52％,and the accuracy in scanning the foreign bodies with diameter ＞ 0.5 cm was higher than that with the diameter ＜ 0.5 cm.The coincidence in qualitative judgement of the foreign bodies of different materials ranged as follows:bullet (97 ％ )＞ steel ball (81.13％),bone pieces (78％) and glasses (72％) ＞gauze (54.67％) and wood pieces (54.67％).Conclusions The intracranial foreign bodies of different materials have specific ultrasonic manifestation features and ultrasonography can scan out their locations.The coincidence of qualitative judgement in scanning the bodies with diameter over 0.5 cm is high.Ultrasonography may be of important significance in guiding the fetch-out of intracranial foreign bodies on the spot and in raising the rescuing level of firearm injury.

Clinical application of mimics software in three dimensional CT images for treatment of zygomatic complex fracture / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study a reliable CT measuring method for quantitative diagnosis of unilateral zygomatic complex fracture and operation guiding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 zygomatic complex fracture patients needed operation were collected, three dimensional CT images of all patients were measured and analyzed by Mimics software before operation. Standard anatomy points of bilateral zygomatic complex and adjacent bone were selected, then the distance of two same selected points and the angles of three same selected points were measured by Mimics software. Compared to uninjured side, the different value of the distance and the angle of injured side zygomatic complex were acquired, zygomatic complex fractures were operated based on the different value. All patients were examined by three dimensional CT postoperatively, and the different value of the distance and the angle of both side were measured using same method to pre-operation. Therapy effects were analyzed based on the data of different value of the distance and the angle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) The displacement of zygoma of most patients was backward and inward. The different value of the distance between uninjured and injured side was less than 2 mm, and the different value of the angle was less than 1 degrees. All patients reached the three-dimensional symmetric, surgical results were satisfactory in recovery of occlusion and mouth opening. 2) The zygomatic arch protrusion angle was about 138.50 degrees +/- 1.15 degrees, zygomatic prominent angle was about 132.72 degrees +/- 0.89 degrees. The two data were normal distribution.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three dimensional CT measurements of zygomatic complex can be achieved for the quantitative measurement of spatial displacement, and have directive significance for the reduction of the zygomatic complex fractures.</p>

Analysis on the relationship between the human EV71 associated HFMD children's clinical manifestation and the genetic polymorphism and serum concentration of mannan binding lectin / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the genetic polymorphism and serum concentration of mannan binding lectin (MBL)and the clinical manifestation of the hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) children infection by human enterovirus 71 (HEV71).Methods One hundred and thirty-eight children diagnosed as HFMD infected by HEV71 (including 80 mild cases and 58 severe cases) and 40 healthy,symptom-free children were investigated.The concentrations of serum MBL were measured in 40 healthy controls,80 mild HFMD cases and 56 severe HFMD cases at both acute and convalescent phases by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay with a human MBL ELISA kit.And the genomic DNA of all cases were extracted from blood according to standard phenol-chloroform procedure.Six SNPs in the MBL gene(-550G/C,-221G/C and +4C/T of the promoter,CGT52TGT,GGC54GAC,and GGA57GAA of the exon 1) were analyzed by a sequencing-based typing method.Results The MBL serum level of the severe HFMD circulatory respiratory failure group in acute phase was significantly increased compared with severe HFMD encephalitis group,the mild cases and the control,but in the convalescence phase it significantly decreased compared with them.The frequencis of type B/B mutation (+230 of the exon 1),type P/P mutation (+4C/T of the promoter),and type H/H mutation (-550G/C of the promoter) were a significant difference among mild group,severe group and the control(P=0.006,0.043,0.028,respectively).The frequencies of LYPB/LYPB genotype and HYPA/HYPA genotype were a significant difference among mild group,severe groupand the control (P=0.028,0.014,respectively).Conclusion Low MBL protein level as a result genetic polymorphism seems to be correlative with clinical manifestation of HFMD disease.The MBL gene mutation and low MBI.protein level may be used as one of the evaluation method of HFMD severeity.

Advances in determination of multi-residue pesticides in traditional Chinese medicine by GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

The current methods of preparation of pesticide residue analysis in traditional Chinese medicine were summarized in this paper. And the new preparation techniques used in recent years were reviewed, which included solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), QuECHERS, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). In addition, the determination method of the pesticide residue methods in the traditional Chinese medicine were also included in the paper, and analysed the problem in the determination based on the characteristics of TCMs.

Experiment study of total anthraquinone in cassiae semen on lipid peroxidation and PPAR-gamma expression in liver tissues of rats with alcoholic fatty liver / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen on lipid peroxidation and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma (PPAR-gamma) expression in liver tissues of rats with alcoholic fatty liver.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Referring to literature, it was established animal models of fatty liver feeding with alcohol. Rats were randomized into 6 groups, except the normal group, the other 5 groups of rats had been administered alcohol two times a day for 3 months. Rats were killed at the end of this experiment. It were respectively measured that the contents of ALT, AST, AKP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, MDA, SOD, FFA in the serum and TG, TC, MDA, SOD, HL, LPL, FFA in the liver. The left leaf of liver was observed by histopathological staining, the immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR were used to observe the effects on the expressions of PPAR-gamma mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen could remarkably decrease the content of ALT, AST, TC, TG, MDA and increase the content of SOD in the serum of the experimental fatty liver induced by alcohol; remarkably decrease the content of TC, TG, FFA and increase the content of HL, LPL, SOD in the liver of the experimental fatty liver with induced by alcohol. Total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen group was the similar the model group, but remarkably lighten inflammatory cell intiltration and fibrosis increasing. The RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining results showed that: compared with the normal group,the model group could remarkably decrease the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA in the liver (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen could remarkably increase the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA in the liver of the experimental fatty liver (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed that total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen has good effects on the treatment of hepatic fat induced by alcohol diet in rats. the possible action mechanism of total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen possess obvious effect of regulating the disorder of lipid metabolism, ameliorating hepatic function, as well as anti-lipidperoxidation, increasing the expression of PPAR-gamma in hepatic cells of rats.</p>

Detection and clinical significance of T cell subgroups and NK cell activity in refractory lymphoma patients / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the correlation of T cell subgroups and natural killer (NK) cell's activity level of peripheral blood of the patients with refractory lymphoma. Methods Flow cytometry was applied to detect T cell subgroups' level and NK cell's activity of peripheral blood in 60 early cure lymphoma patients with chemotherapy before and 20 normal controls , after chemotherapy follow-up they were divided into 30 cases of difficult cure group and 30 cases of effective group. Results Compared with the normal controls, CD+4, CD+4/CD+8 and NK cell in lymphoma patients with chemotherapy before decreased (30.17±8.63 vs 46.52±1.39, t =12.218, P ＜0.05; 0.86±0.45 vs 1.64±0.05, t =11.225, P ＜0.05; 12.39±7.08 vs 19.29±0.84,t =6.365, P＜0.05), while CD+3 and CD+8 cell increased (76.14±10.71 vs 70.48±1.44, t =-3.439, P＜0.05;40.28±14.03 vs 28.35±0.73, t =-5.625, P ＜0.05). Compared with effective group, CD+4 CD+4/CD+8 and NK cell in difficult response group with chemotherapy before decreased (27.70±7.81 vs 33.13±8.82, t =2.163, P =0.036;0.67±0.27 vs 1.10±0.52, t =3.272, P =0.003; 9.87±6.60 vs 15.40±6.58, t =2.771, P =0.008), while CD+3 and CD+8 cell increased (79.67±8.18 vs 71.91±12.00, t =-2.540, P =0.015; 44.70±13.99 vs 34.98±12.41, t =-2.416,P =0.020). Conclusion The detection of T cell subgroups' level and NK cell' s activity in early lymphoma patients before chemotherapy may play a role to diagnose and predict the outcome of refractory lymphoma patients.